Procedure:
|
Raise and
reshape sagging breasts by removing excess skin and
repositioning remaining tissue and nipples.
|
Length:
|
1 to 3 hours.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local with
sedation, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient. Sometimes inpatient.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
bruising, swelling, discomfort, numbness, dry breast skin.
Permanent scars.
|
Risks:
|
Thick, wide
scars; skin loss; infection. Unevenly positioned nipples.
Permanent loss of feeling in nipples or breast.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
1 week or more. Strenuous activities: 1 month. Fading of scars:
several months to a year.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Variable;
gravity, pregnancy, aging, and weight changes may cause new
sagging. Results may last longer or be enhanced when breast
implants are inserted as part of the procedure.
|
Procedure:
|
Restore
wrinkled, blemished, unevenly pigmented, or sun-damaged facial
skin, using a chemical solution to peel away skin's top layers.
Works best on fair, thin skin with superficial wrinkles.
|
Length:
|
1 to 2 hours
for full face.
|
Anesthesia:
|
None;
sedation & EKG monitoring may be used.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient. Full-face phenol peel may require admission for 1 to
2 days.
|
Side Effects:
|
Both:
Temporary throbbing, tingling, swelling, redness; acute
sensitivity to sun. Phenol: Permanent lightening of treated
skin; permanent loss of ability to tan.
|
Risks:
|
Both: Tiny
whiteheads (temporary); infection; scarring; flare-up of skin
allergies, fever blisters, cold sores. Phenol: Abnormal color
changes (permanent); heart irregularities (rare).
|
Recovery:
|
Phenol:
Formation of new skin: 7 to 21 days. Normal activities: 2 to 4
weeks. Full healing and fading of redness: 3 to 6 months TCA:
New skin within 5 to 10 days.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Phenol:
permanent, although new wrinkles may form as skin ages. TCA:
variable (temporary).
|
COLLAGEN / FAT INJECTIONS
Procedure:
|
Plump up
creased, furrowed, or sunken facial skin; add fullness to lips
and backs of hands. Works best on thin, dry, light-colored skin.
|
Length:
|
15 minutes to
1 hour per session.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Collagen:
usually none; local may be included with the injection. Fat:
local.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Outpatient
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
stinging, throbbing, or burning sensation. Faint redness,
swelling, excess fullness.
|
Risks:
|
Temporary
stinging, throbbing, or burning sensation. Faint redness,
swelling, excess fullness.
|
Recovery:
|
Collagen:
allergic reaction including rash, hives, swelling, or flu-like
symptoms; possible triggering of connective-tissue or autoimmune
diseases. (A skin test is required before collagen treatment to
determine whether an allergy exists.) Both: Contour
irregularities, infection.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Variable; a
few months to 1 year.
|
DERMABRASION
Procedure:
|
Mechanical
scraping of the top layers of skin using a high-speed rotary
wheel. Softens sharp edges of surface irregularities, including
acne and other scars and fine wrinkles, especially around the
mouth.
|
Length:
|
A few minutes
to 1 hour. May require more than 1 session.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local,
numbing spray, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
tingling, burning, itching, swelling, redness. Lightening of
treated skin. Acute sensitivity to sun; loss of ability to make
pigment (tan).
|
Risks:
|
Abnormal
color changes (permanent). Tiny whiteheads (temporary);
infection; scarring; flare-up of skin allergies, fever blisters,
cold sores.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
2 weeks. More strenuous activities: 4 to 6 weeks. Fading of
redness: about 3 months. Return of pigmentation/sun exposure: 6
to 12 months.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Permanent,
although new wrinkles may form as skin ages.
|
Procedure:
|
Set prominent
ears back closer to the head, or reduce the size of large ears.
Most often done on children between the ages of 4 and 14 years.
(Occasionally covered by insurance.)
|
Length:
|
2 to 3 hours.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Young
children: usually general. Older children or adults: general or
local, with sedation.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
throbbing, aching, swelling, redness, numbness.
|
Risks:
|
Infection of
cartilage. Excessive scarring. Blood clot that may need to be
drained. Mismatched or artificial- looking ears. Recurrence of
the protrusion, requiring repeat surgery.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work
or school: 5 to 7 days.
Strenuous activity, contact sports: 1 to 2 months. |
Duration of
Results
|
Usually
permanent.
|
Procedure:
|
Correct
drooping upper eyelids and puffy bags below the eyes by removing
excess fat, skin, and muscle. (Upper-eyelid surgery may be
covered by insurance if used to correct visual field defects)
|
Length:
|
1 to 3 hours.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Usually
locally with sedation or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
discomfort, tightness of lids, swelling, and bruising. Temporary
dryness, burning, itching of eyes. Excessive tearing,
sensitivity to light for first few weeks.
|
Risks:
|
Temporary
blurred or double vision. Infection, bleeding. Swelling at the
corners of the eyelids. Dry eyes. Formation of whiteheads.
Slight asymmetry in healing or scarring. Difficulty in closing
eyes completely (rarely permanent). Pulling down of the lower
lids (may require further surgery). Blindness (extremely rare).
|
Recovery:
|
Reading: 2 or
3 days. Back to work: 7 to 10 days. Contact lenses: two weeks or
more. Strenuous activities, alcohol: about 3 weeks. Bruising and
swelling gone: several weeks.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Several
years. Sometimes permanent.
|
Procedure:
|
Improving
sagging facial skin, jowls, and loose neck skin by removing
excess fat, tightening muscles, redraping skin. Most often done
on men and women over 40.
|
Length:
|
Several
hours.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local with
sedation, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient. Some patients may require short inpatient stay.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
bruising, swelling, numbness and tenderness of skin; tight
feeling, dry skin. For men, permanent need to shave behind ears,
where beard-growing skin is repositioned.
|
Risks:
|
Injury to the
nerves that control facial muscles or feeling (usually temporary
but may be permanent). Infection, bleeding. Poor healing;
excessive scarring. Asymmetry or change in hairline.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
10 to 14 days. More strenuous activity: 2 weeks or more.
Bruising: 2 to 3 weeks. Must limit exposure to sun for several
months.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Usually 5 to
10 years.
|
Procedure:
|
Change the
basic shape and balance of the face using carefully shaped
implants to build up a receding chin, add prominence to
cheekbones, or reshape the jaw line.
|
Length:
|
30 minutes to
2 hours.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local with
sedation, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient. Occasionally overnight hospital stay.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
discomfort, swelling, bruising, numbness and/or stiffness. In
jaw surgery, inability to open mouth fully for several weeks.
|
Risks:
|
Shifting or
imprecise positioning of implant, or infection around it,
requiring a second operation or removal. Excess tightening and
hardening of scar tissue around an artificial implant ("capsular
contracture"), causing unnatural shape.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
about 1 week. Normal appearance: 2 to 4 weeks. Activity that
could jar or bump face: 6 weeks or more.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Permanent
|
Procedure:
|
Minimize
forehead creases, drooping eyebrows, hooding over eyes, furrowed
forehead and frown lines by removing excess tissue, altering
muscles and tightening the forehead skin. May be done using the
traditional technique, with an incision across the top of the
head just behind the hairline; or with the use of an endoscope,
which requires 3 to 5 short incisions. Most often done on people
over 40.
|
Length:
|
1 to 2 hours.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local with
sedation, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
swelling, numbness, headaches, bruising. Traditional method:
Possible itching and hair loss.
|
Risks:
|
Injury to
facial nerve, causing loss of motion, muscle weakness, or
asymmetrical look. Infection. Broad or excessive scarring.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
7 to 10 days, usually sooner for endoscopic forehead lift. More
strenuous activity: several weeks. Full recovery from bruising:
2 to 3 weeks. Limit sun exposure for several months.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Usually 5 to
10 years.
|
Procedure:
|
Fill in
balding areas with a patient's own hair using a variety of
techniques including scalp reduction, tissue expansion, strip
grafts, scalp flaps, or clusters of punch grafts (plugs,
miniplugs and microplugs). Works best on men with male pattern
baldness after hair loss has stopped.
|
Length:
|
1 to 3 hours.
Some techniques may require multiple procedures over 18 months
or more.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Usually local
with sedation. Flaps and tissue expansion may be done with
general anesthesia.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
achy, tight scalp. Unnatural look in early stages.
|
Risks:
|
Unnatural
look. Infection. Excessive scarring. Failure to "take." Loss of
scalp tissue and/or transplanted hair.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
usually 2 to 5 days. More strenuous activities: 10 days to 3
weeks. Final look: may be 18 months or more, depending on
procedure.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Permanent.
|
Procedure:
|
Smooth the
face and smooth fine wrinkles using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser
device that treats layers of damaged skin. Softens lines around
the eyes and mouth and minimizes facial scars and unevenly
pigmented areas.
|
Length:
|
A few minutes
to 1 hour. May require more than 1 session.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local with
sedation, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient, unless combined with other surgical procedures that
require hospitalization.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
swelling, discomfort. Lightening of treated skin. Acute sun
sensitivity. Increased sensitivity to makeup. Pinkness or
redness in skin that may persist for up to 6 months.
|
Risks:
|
Burns or
injuries caused by laser heat. Scarring. Abnormal changes in
skin color. Flare-up of viral infections ("cold sores") and
other infections (rare).
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
2 weeks. More strenuous activities: 4-6 weeks. Complete fading
of redness: 6 months or less. Return of pigmentation/light sun
exposure: 6-12 months.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Long-lasting,
but does not stop aging. New wrinkles, expression lines may form
as skin ages.
|
Procedure:
|
Improve body
shape by removing exercise-resistant fat deposits with a tube
and vacuum device. Can be performed using the tumescent
technique, in which targeted fat cells are infused with saline
containing solution with a local anesthetic before liposuction
to reduce post-operative bruising and swelling. Common locations
for liposuction include chin, cheeks, neck, upper arms, above
breasts, abdomen, buttocks, hips, thighs, knees, calves, ankles.
For larger volumes of fat or for fibrous body areas, ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty (UAL) may be used. UAL is a new technique in which an ultrasound probe is inserted beneath the skin to "liquefy" the fat before it is suctioned. |
Length:
|
1 to 2 hours
or more. UAL: 20-40 percent longer than traditional liposuction.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local,
epidural, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient. Extensive procedures may require short inpatient
stay.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
bruising, swelling, numbness, soreness, burning sensation.
Tumescent: Temporary fluid drainage from incision sites. UAL:
Larger incisions for cannula.
|
Risks:
|
Asymmetry.
Rippling or bagginess of skin. Pigmentation changes. Skin
injury. Fluid retention. Excessive fluid loss leading to shock.
Infection. UAL: thermal burn injury caused by the heat from the
ultrasound device.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
1 to 2 weeks. More strenuous activity: 2 to 4 weeks. Full
recovery from swelling and bruising: 1 to 6 months or more. Use
of tumescent technique or UAL may decrease post-operative
bruising and swelling.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Permanent,
with sensible diet and exercise.
|
Procedure:
|
Reduce
enlarged, female-like breast in men using liposuction and/or
cutting out excess glandular tissue. (Sometimes covered by
medical insurance.)
|
Length:
|
1 hour or
more.
|
Anesthesia:
|
General or
local
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
bruising, swelling, numbness, soreness, burning sensation.
|
Risks:
|
Infection.
Fluid accumulation. Injury to the skin. Rippling or bagginess of
skin. Asymmetry. Pigmentation changes (may become permanent if
exposed to sun). Excessive scarring if tissue was cut away. Need
for second procedure to remove additional tissue.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
3 to 7 days. More strenuous activity: 2 to 3 weeks. Swelling and
bruising: 3 to 6 months.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Permanent.
|
NOSE SURGERY
-
(Rhinoplasty)
Procedure:
|
Reshape nose
by reducing or increasing size, removing hump, changing shape of
tip or bridge, narrowing span of nostrils, or changing angle
between nose and upper lip. May also relieve some breathing
problems. (May be covered by insurance.)
|
Length:
|
1 to 2 hours
or more.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local with
sedation, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Usually
outpatient.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
swelling, bruising around eyes, nose and headaches. Some
bleeding and stiffness.
|
Risks:
|
Infection.
Small burst blood vessels resulting in tiny, permanent red
spots. Incomplete improvement, requiring additional surgery.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
1 to 2 weeks. More strenuous activities: 2 to 3 weeks. Avoid
hitting nose or sunburn: 8 weeks. Final appearance: 1 year or
more.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Permanent.
|
Procedure:
|
Flatten
abdomen by removing excess fat and skin and tightening muscles
of abdominal wall.
|
Length:
|
2 to 5 hours.
|
Anesthesia:
|
Local with
sedation, or general.
|
In/Outpatient:
|
Either
depending on individual circumstances and extent of surgery.
|
Side Effects:
|
Temporary
pain. Swelling, soreness, numbness of abdominal skin, bruising,
tiredness for several weeks or months.
|
Risks:
|
Blood clots.
Infection. Bleeding under the skin flap. Poor healing resulting
in conspicuous scarring or skin loss. Need for a second
operation.
|
Recovery:
|
Back to work:
7 to 10 days, usually sooner for endoscopic forehead lift. More
strenuous activity: several weeks. Full recovery from bruising:
2 to 3 weeks. Limit sun exposure for several months.
|
Duration of
Results
|
Permanent,
with sensible diet and exercise.
|
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